Sarcomas, rare & complex cancers
Cancer types
GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumour)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour.
This map explains gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) step by step: what it is, the types, the tests, the stages, the treatment and its side effects.
Tap any topic on the map to read about it. Topics with an arrow open more topics.
The mutation decides which tablet works. Tap a type on the map.
About 8 out of 10. Exon 11 responds very well to imatinib; exon 9 needs a higher dose (800 mg).
Most respond to imatinib, except D842V, which needs avapritinib.
No KIT or PDGFRA mutation, for example SDH-deficient GIST (younger patients) or NF1-related. Imatinib works less well; genetic counselling may be advised.
Tap a test on the map to see why it is done.
Please wait for all the reports. Why we wait
Shows the tumour and any spread to the liver or peritoneum.
A biopsy through the endoscope (EUS) or needle confirms GIST (CD117, DOG1). Biopsy is done carefully to avoid rupturing the tumour.
KIT and PDGFRA testing for every patient who may need tablets.
After surgery, the size, mitotic count, site and whether the tumour ruptured give the risk of recurrence, which decides whether imatinib is needed.
Before starting chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy, these tests check that you are fit for treatment, and give a starting point to compare with later.
| Test | Why it is done |
|---|---|
| CBC (complete blood count) | Haemoglobin, white cells and platelets. Treatment can lower them. |
| RFT (kidney function) | Many medicines are cleared by the kidneys; the dose may need to change. |
| LFT (liver function) | Many medicines are processed by the liver. |
| Viral markers: HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV | Hepatitis B can flare up during treatment. If positive, a tablet is given to prevent this. |
| Blood sugar (and HbA1c if diabetic) | Steroids given with chemotherapy can raise blood sugar. |
| ECG and 2D Echo | Check the heart rhythm and pumping before treatment, as some medicines affect the heart. |
Before immunotherapy, also:
| Test | Why it is done |
|---|---|
| Serum TSH (thyroid) | Immunotherapy can affect the thyroid gland. |
| Serum cortisol (morning sample) | Immunotherapy can affect the adrenal and pituitary glands. |
Sometimes needed, depending on your treatment:
Your doctor will choose the tests that apply to you. Some of them are repeated during treatment.
Tap your situation on the map.
Small tumour with few dividing cells. Surgery alone is usually enough.
Large tumour, many dividing cells, small-bowel site or rupture. Imatinib after surgery is advised.
Cannot be removed, or spread to the liver or peritoneum. Controlled for many years with tablets.
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Side effects: tablets
Generic imatinib is available and affordable in India.
Side effects: tablets
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Black stools, vomiting blood, severe tummy pain, or dizziness and fainting need urgent care.
This information is general. Your own treatment plan may be different. Please discuss it with your doctor.
Written and medically reviewed by Dr Prathyusha Eaga, MD, DM (Medical Oncology). Last reviewed: 12 October 2026. Based on NCCN and ESMO guidelines.
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