Skin cancers
Cancer types
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin cancers, and Merkel cell carcinoma.
Melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin cancers, and Merkel cell carcinoma.
This map explains basal cell carcinoma step by step: what it is, the types, the tests, the stages, the treatment and its side effects.
Tap any topic on the map to read about it. Topics with an arrow open more topics.
Tap a type on the map.
The common, lower-risk types.
Morphoeic (scar-like), infiltrative, or in the 'H-zone' of the face (around the eyes, nose, lips and ears). More likely to come back after treatment.
An inherited condition with many basal cell cancers from a young age; genetic counselling is advised.
Tap a test on the map to see why it is done.
Please wait for all the reports. Why we wait
A small punch or shave biopsy confirms the diagnosis and type.
Only for large tumours that may have grown into bone, the eye socket or nerves.
Before starting chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy, these tests check that you are fit for treatment, and give a starting point to compare with later.
| Test | Why it is done |
|---|---|
| CBC (complete blood count) | Haemoglobin, white cells and platelets. Treatment can lower them. |
| RFT (kidney function) | Many medicines are cleared by the kidneys; the dose may need to change. |
| LFT (liver function) | Many medicines are processed by the liver. |
| Viral markers: HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV | Hepatitis B can flare up during treatment. If positive, a tablet is given to prevent this. |
| Blood sugar (and HbA1c if diabetic) | Steroids given with chemotherapy can raise blood sugar. |
| ECG and 2D Echo | Check the heart rhythm and pumping before treatment, as some medicines affect the heart. |
Before immunotherapy, also:
| Test | Why it is done |
|---|---|
| Serum TSH (thyroid) | Immunotherapy can affect the thyroid gland. |
| Serum cortisol (morning sample) | Immunotherapy can affect the adrenal and pituitary glands. |
Sometimes needed, depending on your treatment:
Your doctor will choose the tests that apply to you. Some of them are repeated during treatment.
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Side effects: surgery · radiotherapy
Side effects: hedgehog blockers · immunotherapy
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A wound that becomes red, hot and painful, bleeding that does not stop with pressure, or (on immunotherapy) loose stools, breathlessness or yellow eyes need urgent care.
This information is general. Your own treatment plan may be different. Please discuss it with your doctor.
Written and medically reviewed by Dr Prathyusha Eaga, MD, DM (Medical Oncology). Last reviewed: 12 October 2026. Based on NCCN and ESMO guidelines.
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