This map explains uterine (endometrial) cancer step by step: what it is, the types, the tests, the stages, the treatment and its side effects.
Tap any topic on the map to read about it. Topics with an arrow open more topics.
Tap a type on the map.
Why this matters: the type and the molecular group decide whether more treatment is needed after surgery, and which medicines work.
Less common, more aggressive types. More likely to spread; usually need chemotherapy. Serous cancers are tested for HER2.
Tests on the tumour now divide endometrial cancer into four groups:
| Group | What it means |
|---|---|
| POLE mutated | Excellent outlook; often no treatment needed after surgery. |
| dMMR / MSI-high | Responds very well to immunotherapy. Can be linked to Lynch syndrome. |
| p53 abnormal | More aggressive; chemotherapy and radiotherapy are usually advised. |
| NSMP (none of these) | Intermediate; ER and grade guide treatment. |
Tap a test on the map to see why it is done.
Please wait for all the reports. Why we wait
A sample of the womb lining, taken in the clinic (pipelle) or by hysteroscopy or D&C. Confirms the cancer, type and grade.
MRI pelvis shows how deep the cancer has grown into the womb wall and whether the cervix is involved. CT or PET-CT checks for spread.
POLE, MMR, p53 and ER tests on the tumour place it in a molecular group. HER2 is tested in serous cancers.
If the cancer is dMMR, a blood test for inherited Lynch syndrome may be advised. It raises the risk of bowel and other cancers, and family members can be tested. Hereditary cancers
Before starting chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy, these tests check that you are fit for treatment, and give a starting point to compare with later.
| Test | Why it is done |
|---|---|
| CBC (complete blood count) | Haemoglobin, white cells and platelets. Treatment can lower them. |
| RFT (kidney function) | Many medicines are cleared by the kidneys; the dose may need to change. |
| LFT (liver function) | Many medicines are processed by the liver. |
| Viral markers: HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV | Hepatitis B can flare up during treatment. If positive, a tablet is given to prevent this. |
| Blood sugar (and HbA1c if diabetic) | Steroids given with chemotherapy can raise blood sugar. |
| ECG and 2D Echo | Check the heart rhythm and pumping before treatment, as some medicines affect the heart. |
Before immunotherapy, also:
| Test | Why it is done |
|---|---|
| Serum TSH (thyroid) | Immunotherapy can affect the thyroid gland. |
| Serum cortisol (morning sample) | Immunotherapy can affect the adrenal and pituitary glands. |
Sometimes needed, depending on your treatment:
Your doctor will choose the tests that apply to you. Some of them are repeated during treatment.
Tap your stage on the map.
Limited to the body of the womb. The most common stage. The aim is cure.
Spread to the cervix. The aim is cure.
Spread outside the womb to the ovaries, tubes, vagina or lymph nodes.
Spread to the bladder or bowel, or to distant organs.
Tap your stage on the map.
Side effects: surgery · radiotherapy · chemotherapy
Side effects: chemotherapy · immunotherapy
Side effects: immunotherapy · lenvatinib
Tap a treatment on the map.
Vaginal bleeding after treatment, heavy bleeding, fever of 38°C or more, severe tummy pain, or leg swelling need urgent care.
This information is general. Your own treatment plan may be different. Please discuss it with your doctor.
Written and medically reviewed by Dr Prathyusha Eaga, MD, DM (Medical Oncology). Last reviewed: 12 October 2026. Based on NCCN and ESMO guidelines.
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